縫紉就是把衣(yi)片縫合成服(fu)裝的工(gong)藝(yi)。可(ke)分為手(shou)縫工(gong)藝(yi)、機縫工(gong)藝(yi)、特殊工(gong)藝(yi)等。

　　手縫工藝

　　采用手針(zhen)進行縫(feng)制(zhi)的工(gong)藝(yi)。是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的傳(chuan)統(tong)手工(gong)技藝(yi)。很多針(zhen)法及其作用尚不能(neng)用現(xian)代(dai)縫(feng)紉機(ji)替代(dai)。具有(you)線跡(ji)精細、平整，針(zhen)法豐富等(deng)特(te)點，被譽(yu)為高檔工(gong)藝(yi)。　手縫(feng)工(gong)藝(yi)的主(zhu)要工(gong)具是手縫(feng)針(zhen)和頂針(zhen)箍。絲綢(chou)等(deng)纖維較細的織物宜用7～9號針(zhen);鎖(suo)眼釘(ding)紐宜用4～5號針(zhen)，一般(ban)毛料則用粗(cu)細適中(zhong)(zhong)的6～8號針(zhen)。

　　機縫工藝

　　采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)紉機進行縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)制的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝。具有(you)針(zhen)跡(ji)整齊、工(gong)(gong)效高等優點。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)機縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)工(gong)(gong)藝有(you)以下(xia)幾(ji)種。①合(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(含(han)兜縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng));將(jiang)(jiang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)組合(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)暗縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)組合(he)或(huo)(huo)(huo)袋蓋、衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)領(ling)、袖頭(tou)等三邊(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)的(de)(de)翻(fan)轉(zhuan)部(bu)(bu)件。②包(bao)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：以一層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)邊(bian)包(bao)住(zhu)(zhu)另(ling)一層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)邊(bian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，再(zai)作第(di)二或(huo)(huo)(huo)第(di)三次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。有(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)包(bao)，暗包(bao)之別。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)布服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)不(bu)鎖邊(bian)的(de)(de)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)。③咬(yao)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：由上下(xia)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)咬(yao)住(zhu)(zhu)中間一層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，正面(mian)(mian)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袖頭(tou)、腰頭(tou)等。④騎縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊織(zhi)物縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(不(bu)疊起(qi))，在銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)W狀(zhuang)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)，使兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊布互相牽牢。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)高檔服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)襯布拼(pin)(pin)接(jie)(jie)(jie)和收顙(sang)。⑤平接(jie)(jie)(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊織(zhi)物縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)拼(pin)(pin)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，互為銜(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)補充。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)長衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)部(bu)(bu)件等。⑥平疊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊織(zhi)物縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)重疊，居(ju)中縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)襯布拼(pin)(pin)接(jie)(jie)(jie)和收顙(sang)等。⑦來去縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：將(jiang)(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)疊合(he)，先(xian)沿毛(mao)口(kou)(kou)正面(mian)(mian)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)狹縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(3cm)再(zai)在反(fan)面(mian)(mian)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)闊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(約7cm)。多用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)。⑧分(fen)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)疊合(he)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)分(fen)開，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)各緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一道明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)易(yi)折轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)料(如皮革)或(huo)(huo)(huo)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾等。⑨坐(zuo)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)合(he)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)傾(qing)倒，正面(mian)(mian)作第(di)二次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)作固(gu)定縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾。⑩分(fen)坐(zuo)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)先(xian)合(he)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)傾(qing)倒縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)分(fen)開，在分(fen)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)上緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一道明(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)。服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)加工(gong)(gong)中多用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)布服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)前袖縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、褲襠縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、后縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)等。壓(ya)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(悶(men)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng))：上層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)折光，覆蓋下(xia)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，一次縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成型(xing)。多用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)前后過(guo)肩或(huo)(huo)(huo)呈圓弧型(xing)、尖角型(xing)等部(bu)(bu)件的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。漏(lou)落(luo)(luo)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)：明(ming)(ming)(ming)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)漏(lou)落(luo)(luo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)槽內或(huo)(huo)(huo)緊挨(ai)坐(zuo)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)沿，既(ji)能使線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)暗藏，又能固(gu)定下(xia)層衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)腰頭(tou)、里(li)襟等。卷(juan)邊(bian)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)卷(juan)邊(bian)壓(ya)腳或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)手指將(jiang)(jiang)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)毛(mao)口(kou)(kou)卷(juan)光。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)單(dan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)的(de)(de)下(xia)口(kou)(kou)邊(bian)。倒回(hui)針(zhen)：在原線(xian)(xian)跡(ji)上往返縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)緝(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)始末加固(gu)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)封口(kou)(kou)，叉封口(kou)(kou)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)帶襻等。

　　現代(dai)服裝加(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)主要機(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)設備，除高(gao)速平縫(feng)縫(feng)紉(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(簡(jian)稱平縫(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji))外，還有多針多線包縫(feng)縫(feng)紉(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(簡(jian)稱包縫(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji))以及取(qu)代(dai)手工(gong)的(de)(de)開袋、鎖眼、釘扣(kou)、扎駁、復襯(衣面(mian)與衣襯組合)、裝袖、裝褲腰、打(da)褶等各種專用(yong)單(dan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，并有多功能自(zi)動調速固體電(dian)(dian)路電(dian)(dian)子縫(feng)紉(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)問世。20世紀80年(nian)代(dai)，較先進的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)縫(feng)設備是自(zi)動縫(feng)紉(ren)系統，采用(yong)工(gong)業攝像機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)子計算機(ji)(ji)(ji)監(jian)控，能自(zi)動識別裁片的(de)(de)樣式，傳送并進行(xing)自(zi)動分類控制。